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Gustaw Herling-Grudziński ((:ˈgustaf 'herlink gru 'dʑiɲskʲi); May 20, 1919 − July 4, 2000) was a Polish writer, journalist, essayist, World War II underground fighter, and political dissident abroad during the communist system in Poland. He is best known for writing a personal account of life in the Soviet Gulag entitled ''A World Apart'', first published in 1951 in London. ==Biography== Gustaw Herling-Grudziński was born in Kielce into a Jewish-Polish merchant family of Jakub (Josek) Herling-Grudziński and his wife Dorota (''née'') Bryczkowska.〔Zdzisław Kudelski, (''Gustaw Herling-Grudziński – wątek żydowski'' ), Rzeczpospolita, July 5, 2003. 〕 His mother died in 1932 of typhoid. His studies of Polish literature at the Warsaw University were interrupted by the invasion of Poland at the outbreak of World War II. In late 1939 under the brutal occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, Herling-Grudziński co-founded an underground resistance organization called ''Polska Ludowa Akcja Niepodległościowa, "PLAN"''. He traveled to then Soviet occupied Grodno and in March 1940 was arrested by the NKVD by attempting to cross the Soviet-Lithuanian frontier〔(Gustaw Herling. ) Gulaghistory〕 and routinely sentenced to five years of hard labour on "espionage" charges〔(Gustaw Herling. ) Encyklopedia PWN〕 like all Polish intellectuals. Imprisoned in Vitsebsk and two Gulag forced labor camps in Yertsevo and Kargopol in the Arkhangelsk region for 2 years, he was released in 1942 under the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement. He joined Gen. Władysław Anders' Army (Polish II Corps) and later fought in North Africa and in Italy, taking part in the battle of Monte Cassino. For his valor in combat he was decorated with the ''Virtuti Militari'', Poland's highest military decoration.〔 In 1947 he co-founded and initially co-edited the political and cultural magazine ''Kultura'', then published in Rome. When the magazine moved to Paris, he settled first in London and finally in Naples, Italy, where he married Lidia, a daughter of the philosopher Benedetto Croce.〔Premio Napoli alla memoria: (Gustaw Herling, la letteratura come eterna trincea ) 〕 He also wrote for the Italian ''Tempo Presente'' run by Nicola Chiaromonte and Ignazio Silone and for various dailies and other periodicals. He died in Naples. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gustaw Herling-Grudziński」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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